sleeping poll :: essays research papers

Numerous individuals make some hard memories rest dozing, around two out of five studied in this article are drowsy during the day that it makes them fall asleep or meddles with work and exercises during that day. Julia Sommerfeld, who composed the article, "Poll paints picture of a languid nation." Shows how if individuals got somewhat more rest, it can stop a great deal of little misstep that occur in regular day to day existence. From getting anxious with the children, indulging, and committing errors at the work. These are all likely individuals have from not getting enough rest around evening time.      The review outlines how being drowsy during the day it meddles with their exercises during the day in any event two or three times each month. Sommerfeld clarifies about a moreover 58 percent report a couple of manifestations of a sleeping disorder. This is having issues nodding off, awakening during the night , getting up too soon and not having the option to return to rest and unrefreshed when you are awakening. In view of these issues are going after resting pills or thing to enable you to rest.      So to improve an individual activites during the day you will require rest to improve your life and the life around you. Numerous individuals make some hard memories rest dozing, around two of every five studied in this article are lethargic during the day that it makes them fall asleep or meddles with work and exercises during that day. Julia Sommerfeld, who composed the article, "Poll paints picture of a languid nation." Shows how if individuals got somewhat more rest, it can stop a great deal of little misstep that occur in regular day to day existence. From getting eager with the children, indulging, and committing errors at the work. These are all most likely individuals have from not getting enough rest around evening time.      The overview shows how being languid during the day it meddles with their exercises during the day at any rate two or three times each month.

Essay --

â€Å"It was not without defense that the OECD 1979 report on the effect of the recently industrialized nations alluded to Japan as the trailblazer of the NICs† (Dore, 1986). Over the ages, Japan has created from a ground-breaking economy in Asia, to the third greatest economy on the planet after the United States at number one, and the People’s Republic of China at number two, Japan in actuality was the second greatest economy on the planet until the year 2010 when China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) got higher at $1.337 trillion, more than Japan’s $1.288 trillion GDP. Japan has throughout the years battled to battle emptying, which has been a significant issue to their monetary development. The development of Japan’s economy will be taken a gander at from four fundamental points of view, the recorded wonder of the air pocket economy, the current deflationary and obligation emergencies Japan is confronting, the course of the economy directly from the monetary supernatural occurrence of the 1950s, and a knowledge to the eventual fate of Japan. Japanese financial development can be separated into three distinctive memorable times in particular, the Tokugawa (EDO) period, the Meiji time frame, and the post-war range. The Tokugawa time frame additionally perceived as the Edo time frame, kept going from 1603 - 1867, during this period, Japan under the standard of Emperor Iyesu Tokugawa got disengaged from the remainder of the world, because of that they delighted in interior serenity, political and financial steadiness, Japan appreciated a steady economy on account of the ban the sovereign embellished forbidding ranchers from including in other monetary exercises separated from the agrarian area, this arrangement helped support Japan’s national economy quickly from the 1680s to the soonest parts of the 1700s. In 1867 the last Tokugawa shogunate was over tossed, not exactly a year later... ...timber of stagnation as of now chasing them, the steady heightening in degrading joined with high organization obligation and low money spending from the individuals will make it harder for Japan to recoup their monetary disposition. The Japanese Prime Minister’s approach are fundamentally planned for reestablishing the economy of the nation, cynic financial specialists accept a collapse as extraordinary as that of Japan will be hard to invert, from the appearance of new spending power strategies from BOJ, the Japanese are relied upon to build spending power, in this manner expanding PPP which will offer ascent to expansion in the nation. The fate of Japan’s economy may yet still be recovered as an amazing worldwide economy. The eventual fate of the Japanese economy relies upon the accomplishment of Shinzo Abe’s monetary procedures, the pace of deflationary chop down, and great financial arrangements.

How to Write a Prime Essay For College

How to Write a Prime Essay For CollegeThere are many strategies when it comes to writing a prime essay for college. Some may be more effective than others, but it all depends on the student's personality and on the class the student is taking. Many will be able to succeed, some may struggle and some may even fail.How to write a prime essay can be broken down into several different sections. The first section should be learning about the different types of essays that are required for different classes. There are some common topics, but they do vary by class. These will help the student be prepared when writing their essay.The second section should be teaching the student about unique topics. The type of essay they will be writing is based on their school or class. For example, if they are writing for an English class, the essay will have a much different approach compared to one from a chemistry class. The type of essay that will be written also has a lot to do with the type of grade s the student gets. Most schools will look at what type of writing will be required of the student.The final section will be about how to write a prime essay. This will require the student to learn about what they should write about in their essay. The essay will be based on one of several factors. The type of essay will depend on what the student wants to achieve. The style of writing will also depend on whether they want a simple essay or a complex one.When writing a prime essay, there are many tools at the students disposal. The first is their knowledge. They should know the exact subject of the essay they are writing. The other thing they will need to know is how to write an essay. This will teach them how to make an outline of their essay and how to structure it correctly.Writing a prime essay will also teach the student to organize their thoughts and information. They should be able to find the right words and phrases when writing an essay. The tips on how to write a good essa y will also include correcting grammar and spelling mistakes. The last tip for writing a good essay is to have fun.A prime essay does not have to be complex or long-winded piece of writing. They can be short and simple and should be understandable. Essays should be short and to the point. The main goal is to learn about the topic and how to use that knowledge to complete the project. This should also include a general synopsis of the entire paper.Writing a prime essay for college may seem like it will be a bit harder than writing a basic essay. However, when the student learns about the different styles and different ways of writing an essay, they will feel much more confident in their skills and ability to succeed. They should also know how to correct grammar and spelling mistakes. Overall, writing a prime essay for college will be a great experience for students to gain many skills and learn about the different areas of writing.

The Veto And Veto Legislation - 935 Words

The Constitution gives the President the authority to veto legislation passed by Congress. This power is significant for the president because it gives him the power to prevent the passage of legislation. The president doesn t even have to use the veto.The President warning of a veto can bring changes in the details of the legislation before the bill is presented to the President. The Constitution gives the President 10 days (not including Sundays) to act on legislation or the legislation automatically becomes law. There are two types of vetoes: the â€Å"regular veto† and the â€Å"pocket veto.† The regular veto is a qualified negative veto. The President returns the unsigned legislation to the originating house of Congress within a 10 day period usually with a message of disapproval. Congress can,however, override the President’s decision if it has the necessary two–thirds vote of each house. The pocket veto is a veto that cannot be overridden. The veto becomes effective when the President fails to sign a bill after Congress has adjourned and is unable to override the veto. The authority of the pocket veto is derived from the Constitution, â€Å"the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case, it shall not be law.† Congress and the President have argued over the use of the pocket veto. The President has attempted to use the pocket veto during inter session adjournments and Congress has frowned upon this use of the veto. The Legislative Branch states that theShow MoreRelatedLegislative Process Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesAnyone may draft a bill, which means an ordinary citizen can actually write a bill. Only members of Congress, however, can introduce legislation, and any of the congresspersons become sponsors. A bill can have anywhere from one sponsor to an entire party support. There are four general types of legislation; bills, joint resolu tions (resolutions between both chambers but requires signing), concurrent resolutions (a joint resolution that does not require signing), and simple resolutions. The legislativeRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words   |  4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal court’s power. The federalRead MoreLimiting The President s Authority925 Words   |  4 Pagesoften referred to as the most powerful man in the world. Even as the head of the United States, the President has many institutional restrictions that limit his power. The limitation on his power is often reflected in his role for implementing legislation. The President has certain authority however, as different Presidents come and go the actual power they have does fluctuate. Other limitations come in the President’s role in War. Most people think that the Presi dent has unrestricted power whenRead MorePresident And Congress : An Era Of Polarization1394 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment helps determine how difficult legislation is passed in Congress, especially legislation important for the president. In unified government, where both chambers of Congress controlled by the same party as the president’s, legislation is much easier to pass in Congress. Presidents in a unified government have much success within Congress because their party tends to vote in favor of the president. Congressmen are more likely to vote on legislation in favor of the president because they areRead MoreThe Lawmaking Process and the House Rules761 Words   |  3 Pagesbefore it. If it is taken to the Senate, then it’s given a number with the letter â€Å"S† before it. When presenting a bill, what is most important is who supports said bill. Usually, more powerful members of Congress are wanted to sponsor a piece of legislation for support for it s path of approval. After the bill is introduced in either house, it is then assigned to an appropriate sub-committee in that chamber. If the subcommittee does not discuss the bill or don’t like it, the bill is never discussedRead MoreThe Constitution And The Legislative Branch1390 Words   |  6 Pagesbranch checks the executive and judicial branches as well as they can overrule a president’s veto by a two-third vote, impeach the president, etc. It is the branch debited with creating our structural laws within society. The essential role of this branch is to write, deliberate, and pass bills on to the president for his approval. Although if the president were to veto the bill congress could override his veto with a two-thirds vote. If congress cannot come to a two-thirds majority vote then they willRead MoreThe Impeachment : A Formal Process890 Words   |  4 Pagesexpenditure various legal fees, and issuing financial statements and the proposed legislation. Another way to explain a presidential veto refuses to execute a law adopted by Parliament. Because the president is the chief executive it is my responsibility to ensure that acts of Congress are implemented. By not signing the bill the president says he will not perform law. When Congress will replace the veto power it is required to do as their president wants, using the theory of checks andRead MoreThe United States of America Essay871 Words   |  4 Pageswhich taxes, coining money the power to raise Armies and maintain a Navy and the power to declare war are the most notable. All votes by either House on any question shall be by Yeas and Nays and as such be entered into that Houses Journal. All legislation must pass both Houses be for going to the President for his approval/signature and before becoming law. This in it’s self is a significant check and balance within the legislative branch. However the use of deeming a bill passed rather than a recordedRead MoreHow Presidents Have Too Much Power878 Words   |  4 Pagespresident can (fill in the blank) but only if (this part) of Congress approves. The powers of the president have been interpreted widely so that he has more power than I believe the Framers intended. They wanted him to be able to check Congress with veto power and be the head of the military. However, I think that presidents nowadays have too much power. They are active in trying force their policy agenda through Congress, manage foreign relations, and act as the administrative head of the entire nationRead MoreDiscussing The Confli ct Between The Bush Administration And Congress Over Signing Statements1291 Words   |  6 Pages Presidential Signing Statements When the President is presented with a bill to sign into law he has two choices under the Constitution. He can veto the law under Article I Section VII or faithfully execute the law under Article II Section III. Many political pundits believe that signing statements are illegal because they go against the presidential oath office. While others believe signing statements give the president more power, which goes against the system of checks and balances. Some members

A Walk For Remember By Nicholas Sparks - 973 Words

In this drama /romance novel A walk to remember by Nicholas Sparks. You will meet a teenage girl named Jammie Sullivan who was diagnosed with leukemia, she meets a boy named Landon Carter. As they slowly fall in love, Jammie does not want Landon to fall for her. Landon was flustered with the fact that he had no one to go to homecoming with. As he was going through his year book from last year he noticed that there was no one to go with, but as a last resort there was Jammie Sullivan who he had known since kindergarten.She said yes, but on one condition you have to promise you will not fall in love with me Landon. Well considering Angela and him had broken up last month, he had no choice but to say yes to Jammie. Once Landon and Jammie had arrived at the dance, they canceled the rule that you had to have a date if you were on the homecoming committee, because Eddie had no date. When they were there they danced a to a dozen songs until Landons ex girlfriend Angela and her new boyfr iend Lew showed up. unfortunately, the punch bowl had been spiked, Angela had been on her 4th cup. She ran in a hurry to the bathroom as soon as she got there, there was puke everywhere when we got there, since Jammie was such a good person he had to help her, soon after Landon and Jammie took her home. After Landon and Jammie took Anglea home it was almost time for Jammie to go home. About a week later Jammie was trying to find someone to play Tom Thortan in the christmas play. So LandonShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Jamie Sullivan in Nicholas Sparks A Walk to Remember822 Words   |  3 PagesNicholas Sparks 1999 novel A Walk to Remember provides readers with a complex account involving the power of optimism and self-esteem. The character of Jamie Sullivan stands as proof that individuals can actually defeat impediments that they encounter through their lives and that it is possible for them to experience satisfaction as a result. This girl initially hides her problems from individuals that she interacts with and actually manages to make it seem that she is a dull choir girl who wouldRead MoreNicholas Sparks Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesNicholas Sparks It’s been almost a decade now that Nicholas Sparks has been writing love stories. He writes love stories and each tale of finding love differs, but each tale is a structure that is worth noting Nicholas Sparks is a truly inspiring writer. His mom was the first to suggest he write a book, while trying to heal his Achilles tendon during college. Eight weeks later he wrote his first book â€Å"The Passing,† although it did not publish. Nicholas graduated with honors and a degree in BusinessRead MoreAnalysis of a Walk to Remember1696 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of A Walk to Remember I. Author Introduction/ Writing Style: The author of A Walk to Remember is Nicholas Sparks. He was born on December 31,1965. According to Wikipedia he is an internationally best selling American author. He writes novels with themes that include Christianity, love, tragedy, and fate. He is currently the author of 12 published novels; including: Message in a Bottle, A Walk to Remember, and The Notebook. He lives in New Bern, North Carolina with his wife CatherineRead MoreNicholas Sparks : The World s Most Darling Storytellers Essay2789 Words   |  12 PagesNicholas Sparks is one of the world s most darling storytellers. The majority of his books have been New York Times successes, with in excess of 97 million duplicates sold around the world, in more than 50 dialects, including in excess of 65 million duplicates in the United States alone. Sparkles composed one of his best-known stories, The Notebook, over a time of six months at age 28. It was distributed in 1996 by Warner Books. He emulated with the books Message in a Bottle (1998), A Walk toRead MoreNicholas Sparks Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pages American lit-3 Independent author study Nicholas Sparks Nicholas Sparks is an amazing author and has written many best sellers. Some like the The Notebook and Dear John have been turned into huge motion pictures. Most of his books are based about life and family experiences. In A Walk to Remember the main character Jamie ends up dying from cancer and it just so happens that Sparks has a sister who died from a long battle of cancer just like Jamie. Also hisRead MoreEssay on And the Oscar goes to...604 Words   |  3 Pagesmakes ‘A Walk to Remember’ a movie that was very deserving of an Oscar. Set in North Carolina, this is a romantic story of popular, teen Landon Carter and devoted reverend’s daughter Jamie Sullivan. Landon lives a life of popularity and looking down on anyone outside of his circle of friends, including Jamie. But chance and fate bring them together and Jamie teaches Landon that there is a different way to live and love. The storyline is deeply moving and tragic, which is expected from Nicholas Sparks Read MoreA Walk to Remember Essay1282 Words   |  6 PagesA Walk to Remember There are times that, reading a book and watching the movie can almost be identical or it can somehow be the same story with a lot of differences. When I read A Walk to Remember I thought, here was a real story about a young man who never realized the amazing person that was sitting in front of him for so many years and that the true heartbreak wasn’t him losing Jamie but how long it took him to notice her. When I saw the movie there was a spark on the screen that I couldn’tRead MoreMovie Analysis: a Walk to Remember904 Words   |  4 PagesMOVIE ANALYSIS: A WALK TO REMEMBER A Walk To Remember is a romantic movie based on a novel by Nicholas Sparks. It is a 2002 Warner Bros film which starred the 90s pop singer Mandy Moore as the demure, religious, and bookish Jamie Sullivan and punk rock musician Shane West as the popular but rebellious Landon Carter. Directed by Adam Shankman, the story is set in the small town of Beaufort, North Carolina. Landon and his entourage of hooligans have an initiation ritual which, as usual, involvedRead MoreSummary Of The Book The Notebook 3367 Words   |  14 PagesMaddy Michielssen Mr. Hyde English 2 Pre-AP, Period 4 Tuesday, October 17, 2014 The Notebook Nicholas Sparks SETTING The story of The Notebook begins in New Bern, a city close to North Carolina’s North coast, in Craven Country in 1932. The story then fast-forwards to the year 1946, still in the same city, New Bern, in the deep south of the Unite States. The story ends in the modern era, today, in a nursing home called Creekside Extended Care Facility. PLOT A man named Noah Calhoun retreated backRead MoreThe Notebook Directed By Nick Cassavetes1022 Words   |  5 Pagesrub together.† In the 2004 movie the Notebook directed by Nick Cassavetes we see an unlikely romance between a rich city girl, Allie Hamilton (Rachel McAdams), and a poor country boy Noah Calhoun (Ryan Gosling). Based on the bestselling book by Nicholas Sparks, the Notebook shows us how relationships change throughout different stages of our lives but love will never diminish. The film begins with a scene at a nursing home, where see an old man, Duke, reading to a woman, Allie, whose memory has started

The Effects Of Violent Video Games On Aggressive Behavior

The Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Behavior: Potential Sex Differences study that was conducted by Bruce D. Bartholow, of University of Missouri – Columbia, and Craig A. Anderson, of Iowa State University, examined how playing a violent video game affected levels of aggression displayed in a laboratory setting. Recently, violent behavior in children and teenagers has gained more and more attention as video games have become more popular. The study mentions that, in contrast to Eastern cultures, Western culture believes that people are responsible for their own individual behaviors. In modern times, after school shootings, reports indicate or lead toward that the shooters were viewed as loners or outsiders within the student body. With evidence has piled up in regard to children being exposed to violent media through television or video games, political figures and policy makes have started to examine the influences that this media plays in promoting aggressive behavior. Researchers for this study tried to understand if video games effect males and females in similar ways and how that related to the theory of violence creating violence. As stated previously, the theory being tested is that if violent media content increases the likelihood for aggressive behavior, and if that varies depending on the gender of the person in question. Researchers for this study hypothesized that participants who played the violent video game would later display more aggressionShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Behavior Essay2109 Words   |  9 Pagespopular being video games. Since their introduction, professionals and parents have become concerned with the addictive power that video games can have on people, particularly children and adolescents. Today, concern has shifted from the addictive effects of video game playing to the possible effects that they have on players’ aggression levels. As defining aggression as any thoughts or behaviors related with the intention to cause harm. Many scholars have been researching videogames effects on childrenRead MoreVideo Game Violence : The Cause Of Violent Video Games1000 Words   |  4 Pagesmentioned that the cause of violent video games became an issue for public debate after teenagers and the main cause of this is the parallel effect. Based on th e Studies done for violent video games correspond with individuals having violent acts. Also, young adolescents reveal that those who play a lot of violent video games become more aggressive and see the world as more hostile. The article also revealed that this acts would be a coincidence or a cause from playing violent videos. Additionally, researchersRead MoreVideo Games : Video Game Violence Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Game Violence Blood and gore, intense violence, strong sexual content, use of drugs. These are just a few of the phrases that the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) uses to describe the content of several games. The future of entertainment revolves around technology. Along with the evolvement of technology, video games are also changing. More ways of playing violent video games are created each year, but most of us have this question in mind; do violent video games influence peopleRead MoreViolent Video Games : Positive And Negative Effects On Children And Adolescents774 Words   |  4 Pagesgaming systems, violent video games have become well-liked by children and adolescents. The playing of violent video games has always been a controversial topic, but in recent years it has become a heated debate. Whether the playing of these games desensitize the player or not. Video games have been around since the late 1970s, however violent video games were introduced in the 1990s. In recent years the violence in games have increased along with the enhanced graphics making the games more realisticRead MoreViolent Video Games And Its Influence On Behavior1187 Words   |  5 Pages The Timing of Violent Video Games and Its Influence on Aggressive Behaviors What images pop up in your head when you hear the word aggression? Have you ever thought whether violence portrayed in different forms of media make people more aggressive? The immediate reaction to such a word is fighting or violence. Many issues are determinants of aggression but media violence has played a huge role in influencing aggressive behavior. Over the past years, aggression has been tied to numerousRead MoreDo Video Games Inspire Violent Behavior?1713 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding the effects of violent video games and the development of today’s youth. Many people believe that the violence in video games promotes aggression. According to Doctor Brad Bushman’s article, Do Violent Video Games Increase Aggression? he claims that violent video games leads to aggression because it is interactive process that teaches and rewards violent behavior. Yet others believe that this not the case. Gregg Toppo of the Scientific American, writes in his article , â€Å"Do Video Games InspireRead MoreVideo Game : Video Games1584 Words   |  7 Pagesthe violent video games that are commonly played by boys and girls, young and old alike in today’s society. Many experts fear that this violence in video games increases violence in people in real life, causing people to act out as if they were in the video game, increasing aggressive behavior so much that it could actually escalate to shooting, stabbing, and killing people. There have already been many cases of these extreme examples of violence in the news that share a connection with video gamesRead MoreThe Sociological Impact Of Video Games1188 Words   |  5 PagesViolence in Video Games Video games have had a troubled history of being associated with negative trends in emotional behavior in those who indulge in them. Since the inception of video games more narratively complex than Pong, a great deal of research has been conducted on the psychological and sociological effects of violence and competition in video games. Findings on this topic have been largely divided between two camps, one which believes that violent video games cause violent behavior and anotherRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Violence1642 Words   |  7 PagesVideo game violence has remained a controversy for numerous years. With the advancement of technology, video games have progressed in its practicality and genres. Technology has allowed video games to become very sophisticated and lifelike. This development has brought video games to a multi-billion dollar industry. Nevertheless, with the level of practicality, there are also negative affects to humanity. Since the manufacture of viole nt video games, there has been a constant quarrel whether or notRead MoreAdolescent Aggression Based on Violent Videogames1645 Words   |  7 PagesAggression Based on Violent Videogames Violent video games played by millions of people every day results in animated characters having hearts ripped out, heads decapitated, and blood squirting across the screen as their mutilated bodies are erased from the screen. Most players play these games to pass the time, increase hand eye coordination, and create harmless competitions amongst those playing. However, some who play these games are entranced by the violent aggressive behaviors demonstrated

Impact of Barriers to Communication-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Reflective Essay on Professional Business Communication. Answer: Essay It is always said that Humans are far superior to Animals, and one of the strong reasons for it is that humans are gifted with ability to communicate; hence they are in a position to better express their feeling, emotions, state of being and so on. Communication is basically a 2 way process, in order to have an effective communication the one who is communicating should communicate in the way that the other person can clearly understand the purpose of communication. Conducting communication effectively helps an individual to better express his views in front of the other person, this helps in better understanding of the sent message. It can be also seen as an interpersonal skill which is must to have in any individual (Darling Beebe, 2007). Effective communication has an important role to play in organizations, the way one conducts himself in front of his peers, management and colleagues paves the road for his/her success in the organization. Effective communication can be directly co-related with productivity in the organization and the smoothness in the operation process. An individual who is able to communicate effectively can extract the best out of his team and also support them effectively at times of crisis (Sisson, 2017) There are different barrier to effective communication, these are the barriers which prevent an atmosphere of effective communication, and thus organization should try to reduce the impact of barriers to communication. The five prominent barriers to communication within a company are language, cultural, diversity, gender differences, status differences and physical separation (Ghobadi Mathiassen, 2016). These barriers can seriously distort or prevent effective communication within the organization. In the era of globalization when workforce diversity is at peak, the use of jargons from different culture makes it really difficult to communicate effectively. Some people are good at their jobs but find it extremely difficult to express their emotions while communicating with another person. At the same time some people find certain topics as taboos which also hamper effective communication. Lack of attention, varied interest, distractions or irrelevance to the receiver also masks effec tive communication among individuals. People have different perceptions towards a problem and viewpoint, which also causes conflict to arise between the individuals, thereby hampering the state of effective communication (Haas Cummings, 2015). Organization by and large does their best to keep the barriers of communication outside the doors of the organization, as it is a negation to the growth of effective communication. Barriers to communication adversely impact the productivity of an employee which in turn affects the productivity of the entire organization. Hence it can be said that barriers to communication mask the path of effective communication. With the increasing growth in workforce diversity such barriers are prone to arise in the organization, but a great manager can damask such barriers by conducting himself effectively. Self-awareness is the capacity for introspection and the ability to recognize oneself as an individual who is separate from the environment and other individuals. It is certainly not a state of consciousness, but is more concerned with having knowledge about ones character and feeling. Self-awareness is having a clear perception of ones personality which includes strength, weakness, thoughts, motivation and emotion(Yazdanparast Spears, 2018) Being self-aware a person exactly knows what his weakness are and thus he can put a conscious effort to work on the weakness. Self-awareness helps the individual to have better understanding about him, thus he can achieve unfathomable success by just being self-aware. People are usually not self-aware; they have to develop self-awareness to make changes in their thoughts, perception and interpretation so that they can move forward in life with sustained growth. A self-aware person focuses his time and energy on improving his behaviour so that he can grow in life; he is not living in some bubble assuming he is something else, while he is not. A person can become self-aware by conducting a SWOT analysis on oneself, the SWOT analysis gives him amazing insight on his strengths, which he can leverage to walk the life, in the similar manner by getting to know his weakness, and he works towards converting them into his strength (Maier Prigatano, 2017). I myself was not self-aware, but when a friend pursued me to conduct a SWOT analysis, I was amazed to see the result. I realized I have a stage fear of public speaking and it was one of the reasons why I was unable to communicate effectively, thus was always behind my promotion. People who were less experienced than me got easy promotions because they were effective in their communication, hence after realizing that it is my weakness which is hampering my professional growth, I worked on it and now I am in much better position. Thus becoming self-aware is great for ones own growth and for the growth of the organization. Cross cultural communication is the new norm in the expanding business scenarios, with the increasing penetration of internet it has become increasingly important to focus on cross cultural communication. Cross cultural communication is important for a company which has diversity in the workforce, it involves a deeper understanding of how people from different culture speak, communicate and see the world around them. People belong to different cultures and thus it is important to understand the cultural diversity, it helps individuals to gain better insight about an individual so that he can better understand when he is communicating. People in an organization these days are trained towards different culture, what certain things mean in different cultures so that by mistake they dot harm emotions of an individuals (Prasad, 2015). However it can be seen as mutual acceptance understanding, the other person should also acknowledge that people have little or less idea about their culture and hence should be tolerant towards any miscommunication. Although in organization it is considered important to have effective cross cultural communication for the sustainability in growth of the organization. Organizations these days are moving in the direction of being ethical in the way they conduct themselves. The growing euphoria about ethics in decision making is important as decision makers have to ensure that they satisfy all the stakeholders and not just shareholders. It becomes extremely important thus to choose the best ethical alternative while evaluating a particular scenario. The ethics in decision making become more important because of cultural and society norms, People get easily influenced and find it easy to get deflected from their ethics, but a man of principal always follows ethics. He is much concerned about the growth of the community or the society, and does not intend to hurt anyones feeling by being unethical in their conduct. Decisions are always a double edged sword, it affects individuals and company and hence by being ethical in decision making one is free of any kind of guilt from his conscience. Hence it is highly advised to consider consequences before tak ing a decision, efforts should be made to take an ethical route always, a company which works ethically employees the same culture in the organization and hence the entire sphere is of strong ethical conduct, such an organization always flourishes. Ethical decision making in itself gives pride and level of satisfaction to an individual as he knows that he has not done any wrong to any individual and thus lives guilt free. Hence the essay can be concluded by saying that effective communication is a must and should quality that should be in an individual for his personal growth as well as growth of the organization. In order to achieve the same barriers to communication has to be reduced significantly and emphasis should be laid on the importance of cross cultural communication. References: Darling, J. R., Beebe, S. A. (2007). Effective entrepreneurial communication in organization development: Achieving excellence based on leadership strategies and values.Organization Development Journal,25(1), 76. Ghobadi, S., Mathiassen, L. (2016). Perceived barriers to effective knowledge sharing in agile software teams.Information Systems Journal,26(2), 95-125. Haas, M. R., Cummings, J. N. (2015). Barriers to knowledge seeking within MNC teams: Which differences matter most?.Journal of International Business Studies,46(1), 36-62. Maier, F., Prigatano, G. P. (2017). Impaired Self-Awareness of Motor Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease.Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,32(7), 802-809. Prasad, R. (2015). Cross-cultural communication.Educating Young Children: Learning and Teaching in the Early Childhood Years,21(3), 21. Sisson, D. C. (2017). Inauthentic communication, organization-public relationships, and trust: A content analysis of online astroturfing news coverage.Public Relations Review,43(4), 788-795. Yazdanparast, A., Spears, N. (2018). The new me or the me Im proud of? Impact of objective self-awareness and standards on acceptance of cosmetic procedures.European Journal of Marketing.

6 Tips to Help You Get Through College

6 Tips to Help You Get Through College Sometimes, when you are bogged down with stressful homework assignments and you are unable to find a minute of free time, it is hard to remember that college is something you should absolutely enjoy. Its true! Sure, you are supposed to work and study hard as well, but you should also have a great social life and enjoy new experiences as well. Sadly, we often receive emails other messages from students who are struggling to get through college, let alone enjoy themselves. This is why weve decided to put together this list of college survival tips. After all, were not just the best college paper writing service. We also consider ourselves to be supporters of students who are struggling in any way. 1. Find Out Who Gives College Student Discounts That student ID card in your wallet is more valuable than you think. If you live in a college town, restaurants, bars, laundromats, and other businesses will often give you a decent discount if you show your ID. If you love going to the movies, check with your local theater. They frequently offer the best discounts of all. 2. Learn to Cook If you cook at least some of your own meals, youll save quite a bit of money. Sure, you may not have access to an oven or stove, but you can do some amazing things with a microwave, hotpot, and slow cooker. 3. Find a Few Places to Study Outside of Your Dorm Room Sometimes, when you have trouble concentrating, the best thing you can do is get a change of scenery. This is why it helps to have more than one study spot. Youll also establish some good will with your roommate if you can make an exit while they are entertaining guests. 4. Be Safe Make sure that you have emergency contacts on your phone. If you live far from home, make sure that at least one of those contacts is somebody who lives locally. If you go to a club or a party, watch your drink and keep make an agreement with your friends to keep tabs on each other. Finally, dont hesitate to ask campus security for an escort if you feel unsafe. 5. Dont Forget to Get Help From Reputable Writing Services Remember, if you check out college paper writing service reviews, you will find us at the top of many lists! You can also get help your schools writing lab and even your instructors. Wherever you get help, dont wait too long. You dont want to risk failing a class or dropping your GPA. 6. Dont Blow Off The Campus Tour The more familiar you are with campus the better off you will be. Your tour guide will likely show you a few off the beaten places that you may not learn about otherwise such as rarely used computer labs and rarely used student lounges which are great for taking a quick nap. College is a great life-experience. Do not miss your chance to enjoy due to shyness or lack of information!

10 Job Resources for Students You Shouldnt Miss

10 Job Resources for Students You Shouldnt Miss Looking for work as a college student can feel like a job in and of itself. Luckily, there are a number of new resources you can use to track down the job you need to get through school or even the job that can serve as a springboard for your career. Here well take a closer look at the ten best resources for job hunting while youre still in school or as you make the transition from student to full time employee. CollegeRecruiter The College Recruiter website offers more than just a place to check out new jobs in emerging career fields. They also offer help with continuing education credits and ways for employers to find recent graduates who can breathe new life into a field or simply bring a fresh perspective to a company. If youre still not sure your major will be your lifes work, College Recruiter can help with career aptitude tests and details on the best places to work. Once you find the job you want, College Recruiter helps with building your resume and tips for those more difficult interview questions as well. College Magazine – Find an Internship Internships have come under some heavy fire and criticism lately but the fact remains – if you want to get your foot in the door, an internship is your best bet. This is especially true for markets that are especially competitive, including the creative arts and multimedia focused careers. College Magazines resource offers up a streaming view of internships with clients like O Magazine, Martha Stewart Living, Reboot and the CIA. Campus Riot The team at Surviving College knows that making it through your university years is more than just being able to get good grades and (hopefully) land your dream job. Surviving College offers help and advice on everything from whether or not store loyalty cards are worth the trouble for students to tips on the best ways to find and connect with ideal companies and internships to how to start a small business before youve even graduated. Career Thoughts Career Thoughts caters to both students and those already in the working world. Their approach is simple – if youre not in a job you love, youre not in the right job. Their helpful advice centers mostly around resume building and interview skills. They also offer advice on the best ways to search for companies that are hiring or on how to spot opportunities even the company itself hasnt considered. Finding a need and proposing a solution can help you stand out from other candidates and could even allow you to create your own position within a company. Job Stock Jon Stock is the go to place for freelancers of nearly every variety. Their feed of avaialble freelance positions is regularly updated and features a wide variety of available freelance projects in areas like programming, database management, content writing, blogging, graphic design and data entry. Unlike many other freelance job websites, you can search by company rating, rate of pay and location. Intern Queen If youve never seriously considered an internship or dont know if its the right thing for you, Intern Queen can help you make some sense of it all. The Intern Queen offers more than just an updated listing of some of the most interesting internships around – she also offers real world advice on how to find, land and survive your first internship without losing your mind. Her friendly, easy to follow and easy to relate to blog can help new interns adjust to the rigors of an all work, no pay lifestyle while offering keen insights that even seasoned interns will appreciate. Career Shifters Much like your major, your chosen career field can change as you grow and develop your own set of priorities, passions and talents. Career Shifters knows that the path to complete job satisfaction isnt always straightforward and they offer help on finding a different job, a new career or a whole new path from education to the ultimate dream job. They offer advice from people who have switched gears at various points in their life and offer helpful tips, job leads and food for thought. Lindsey Pollak Lindsey Pollak is the author of Getting from College to Career: Your Essential Guide to Succeeding in the Real World and is also a LinkedIn Ambassador and keynote speaker. Basically, she knows a thing or three about using your college years as a stepping stone to your dream job. Her blog – and the entire website – can help students, recent graduates and young professionals find the resources, tips and tricks they need to succeed. Resume Companion Resumes have changed over the past few years. There was a time when simply spelling out your achievements and highlighting your education was enough to put yourself at the head of the pack but these days youll need to go that extra mile to get noticed. While there are plenty of websites, self-help books and blogs with tips on creating an eye-catching resume, Resume Companion offers a sense of humor alongside new and creative ways to stand out from the pack. With resumes for iconic characters like Batman to tongue in cheek satire, their website provides the ideal place to blow off some steam and get a few new ideas for your resume. CareerCast In terms of a one-stop job website, CareerCast offers a wealth of information, leads and help with landing a full time career, part time job or freelance work. So how do they stand out from the sea of job websites? They offer specific searches for niche fields, including Construction Disability Diversity Energy Green HealthCare Nursing Trucking Veteran With a combination of old school advice, an easily searchable database of jobs and help in targeting specific and niche industries, CareerCast stands out from the rest and will help you to do the same.

Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Review - Research Paper Example With a sound Quality Assurance in place, customers and end users of products and services of a particular company is guaranteed that its output conforms with the required quality of such product and service that will meet and exceed the customer’s need. Kaizen is a Japanese Quality Assurance system of continuous improvement in quality, technology, processes, company culture, productivity, safety and leadership. It is a system that involves every employee - from upper management to the cleaning crew. Everyone is encouraged to come up with small improvement suggestions on a regular basis. This is not a once a month or once a year activity. It is continuous quality improvement process. Japanese companies, such as Toyota and Canon receive a total of 60 to 70 suggestions per employee per year which are written down, shared and implemented (Anon., 2011). The limitation of Kaizen is that it is dependent on communication due to the nature of its system improvement coming from suggestions. Any breakdown in communication will impair its efficacy. TQM on the other hand is a comprehensive and structured approach to organizational management that seeks to improve the quality of products and services through ongoing refinements in response to continuous feedback (Anon., 2011). TQM requirements may be defined separately for a particular organization or may be in adherence to established standards, such as the International Organization for Standardizations  ISO 9000  series. At its core, Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction. In a TQM effort, all members of an organization participate in improving processes, products, services and the culture in which they work (Anon., 2011). TQM as a matter of quality principle is not known to have limitation but only the employees who are implementing it. C. The main

Homosexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Homosexuality - Essay Example . In the article titled, â€Å"Genetics or Not, Gay Won’t Go Away†, Frank acknowledges that, for decades, homosexuality has been widely ostracized, undergone moments of patchwork acceptance before experiencing a heady triumph in the recent times. He acknowledges that homosexuals have invoked homosexuality as a way of explaining why discrimination is senseless and homophobia unwarranted. The main theme in his article is that homosexuality is wound in an individual’s genetic make up rather than a matter of choice. Frank goes on to quote scholars like Clinton Anderson, who says that the dynamics via which an individual becomes gay are not yet known. He builds a thesis that substantial evidence indicates that there are connections between hormones, sexual identity, brains and genes. In addition, he borrows from the study which shows that 52% of identical twins are gay compared to only 22% of fraternal twins or 11% of adoptive brothers who turned out to be gay. This, he posits, shows that heredity and not the environment, called the shots as far as determining an individual’s sexual orientation. In addition, more research has identified common chromosomal and anatomical traits among homosexuals in which case, homosexuality is a result of a set of genes. In this case, he likens sexual orientation with skin color and therefore, an unchallengeable biological matter. While he may be having quite valid arguments and invoking the opinions of scholars on the issue, I find his opinions quite warped. Homosexuality is not a genetic issue but rather a matter of choice, which is mostly influenced by the environment in which one lives. In making up his thesis, Frank mainly focuses on the high number of identical twin brothers who have turned out to be homosexuals as compared to the fewer number of fraternal twins and adopted brothers who have gay sexual tendencies. While he may take this as an indication that genes play a pivotal role in determining an individual’s sexual orientation, it is ironical that adopted brothers would have gay tendencies having in mind that their genetic make-up is not similar. Is it not more logical to explain this percentage as having been influenced by their socialization (Paul, 1986)? Socialization refers to the process by which animals (or more aptly human beings) learn how to recognize other species, which it cohabit s with. In learning the interaction process, the human beings would learn communication techniques and how to communicate but also how to recognize as well as respond to other people’s intentions (Kenneth, 1988). This is exactly the same thing that happens as far as homosexuality is concerned (Jeffrey et al., 2001). As research has shown, the number of people who ascribe to homosexuality has risen in the recent times. Is this truly an indication as to changing genetics or hereditary composition (Paul, 1986)? That is definitely not the case. Many people have come up in support of homosexuality thereby triggering curiosity amongst the young people, who have gone ahead and become inducted into homosexuality. This is definitely not a case where homosexuality genes were present but suppressed. It is a case of straight individuals socialized into a particular habit thanks to their curiosity. In essence, many people will acknowledge that technological advancement has contributed imm ensely to the rise in homosexuality. While internet has marked a giant technological leap, it has also created avenues where homosexuality can be nurtured. Pornographic sites have cropped up stirring and shaping these feelings, with many young people

What are the relevant facts Essay Example for Free

What are the relevant facts Essay According to this case, Stacy is a new employee of a local CPA firm, who is on probation and asked to perform an advanced level jobs, because this firm has a heavy turnover. There are some morale and organizational problems with this CPA firm, so that a psychologist is brought into assess these problems. Both Stacy and other employees in this firm point out the same management problems, and some employees even have resigned from this firm. Stacy is helping interview candidates for the open accounting positions. What are the ethical issues? Generally, Stacy has a duty of loyalty to the firm when interviewing prospective job candidates. There are laws require that an employee refrain from behaving in a manner that would be contrary to his employer’s interests. But this duty of loyalty is not absolute; it is influenced by the responsibility and trust between employees and employers. Therefore, even Stacy has a duty of loyalty to the firm, he also can judge if employers’ decisions and arrangements are right. He has no duty to provide truthful information to candidates. What are the primary stakeholders? The partners of the CPA firm, Stacy, all other employees of the CPA firm, and prospective employees of the CPA firm, and clients are primary stakeholders. What are the possible alternatives? First, Stacy can resign from this CPA firm, if he thinks he can not do for the firm any more. Second, Stacy can be loyal to the firm and do what he is told to do. Third, he can tell the truth to the candidates about the information of this firm. What are the ethics of the alternatives? First, based on utilitarianism, Stacy should keep loyal to the firm and do not make frank communication with the candidates. Because this is related to his own job, he has to keep him away from being fired. Second, based on rights, candidates have rights to know the true information about the firm, so Stacy should tell them the truth. Third, based on fairness, tell the truth seems to be fair for candidates and him. But he may loss his job because of frank communication. This is an unfair burden for Stacy. What are the practical constraints? If Stacy tells the true information to the candidates and new employees about the problems at the firm, he might be reprimanded again or even be fired. It may also influence him when seeking a future job. What actions should be taken? Stacy may try to adapt the advanced level job by learning more skills, so that he can avoid making the same mistakes again. He can keep loyal to the firm when he is interviewing the candidates, and remind the new hires some problems privately. He can also make suggestions to the CPA firm.

Bao Ninhs Sorrow of War Essay -- Vietnam War Ninh Sorrow War Essays

Bao Ninh's Sorrow of War When we think of the Vietnam War, we think of all the hell and torture that American soldiers went through with little regard to the Vietnamese and the hardships they endured. Reading the Sorrow of War gave me a clear understanding of the Vietnamese people and the suffering that the war caused them. The Sorrow of War is unique and powerful in the sense that it is written by a Vietnam army veteran and gives the perspective of the war from a Vietnamese soldier. It is one of the few novels that has given the Vietnamese people a voice. In this beautiful novel, Bao Ninh manages to put a face on the other side of the conflict and humanize a people who until now have been viewed as faceless â€Å"gooks†. When it comes to the Vietnam War, we only consider how much pain our country went through and the loss American lives, but forget about how much more the Vietnamese people have suffered and lost. From a global perspective, many readers and movie viewers worldwide know only about how American’s have suffered and the amount of pain our war veterans have endured as a result of the war. American films such as Platoon, Full Metal Jacket, Apocalypse Now, Thin Red Line, and We Were Soldiers to name a few, are all Vietnam War movies that portray the loss and suffering of American life. The traditional American made movie or novel about Vietnam fails to show the human side of the struggles that the Vietnamese people both from the north and the south went through....

How Will Ethical Issues Affect Leadership in a Business

Contemporary and Pervasive Issues â€Å"How will ethical issues affect leadership in a business? † Word Count: 5671 In this essay I am going to discuss how ethical issues can affect leadership in a business. In order to answer this question the essay will start by giving a brief introduction into the two topics; leadership and business ethics. I will then aim to successfully link them by considering the argument of whether leaders should concern themselves with ethical issues or whether making as much money as possible should be their main consideration. Leadership has many different meanings and there have been numerous different classification systems used to define the dimensions of leadership. Infact as Stogdill (1974) pointed out, â€Å"there are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are people who have tried to define it. † One popular definition used for this subject is that â€Å"leadership may be considered as the process (act) of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement†(Stogdill, 1974). This definition suggests that it is not a characteristic but is an event that takes place between a leader and his or her followers and that there are three aspects to leadership. Firstly, it involves influence in that leaders induce their followers to behave in a certain way. The second aspect is that leadership occurs in a group context and finally that leadership includes attention to goals, which a leader must direct their followers to achieve. Over the years there have been many studies and theories formed on leadership. The first, which dominated until the late 1940’s, was the Trait Approach, which focused on leaders and not followers. It assumed that leaders had certain traits, such as intelligence and integrity and that they are born and not made. However, this approach failed to take situations into account and recent research has proven that traits alone cannot account for effectiveness. Following this was the style approach, which focuses on what leaders do and how they act towards subordinates rather than characteristics. This era defines leadership styles as either Autocratic, democratic or laissez faire. However, this approach fails to find which of these leadership styles is most effective in every situation. Following this was the situational and contingency theories, which assume that different situations demand different types of leadership. However it assumes that people can learn to become effective leaders and does not adequately explain the link between styles and situation. The Situational theory ‘relates four leadership styles; Directing, Coaching, Supporting and delegating to followers readiness for them† (Gill, 2006:48). However, the model assumes both flexibility of style and the ability to diagnose the situation and the style that is needed. In 1980’s the New Leadership approach was introduced, which compromises visionary, charismatic and transformational leadership theories. â€Å"Transformational leadership occurs when leaders raise peoples motivation to act and create a sense of higher purpose† (Gill, 2006:36). Similarly and published around the same time was the theory of Charismatic leadership, who act in unique ways that have specific charismatic effects on their followers. This stage provides a broader view of leadership that augments other models and places a strong emphasis on leaders needs, values and morals. However, â€Å"due to the wide range that it covers it lacks conceptual clarity and it is difficult to define the parameters of transformational leadership† (Northouse, 2004:185). Finally, in the late 1990’s Post-charismatic and Post-transformational theories emerged, which focuses on leadership as a community and both leaders and followers working together. Leadership is a process that is similar to management in many ways and many of the functions of management are included in the definition of leadership. This was argued by Yukl (1989), who said â€Å"when managers are involved in influencing a group to meet its goals, they are involved in leadership. When leaders are involved in planning, organizing, staffing and controlling, they re involved in management. Both processes involve influencing a group of individuals toward a goal attainment. † Both management and leadership involve influence, working with people, meeting goals and many other similar functions. However, there is a distinct difference between leadership and management and the main functions of the two are quite dissimilar. It was argued by Kotter (1990) that the â€Å"function of management is to provide order and consistency to organizations, whereas the primary function of leadership is to produce change and movement. † Whilst managers plan and budget, a leader creates a vision and sets strategies, instead of controlling and problem solving a leader motivates and inspires his followers. In addition to this, Bennis and Nanus (1985) made the distinction very clear, â€Å"managers are people who do things right and leaders are people who do the right things. † Although it argued that the two are very different it is for this reason that both are needed for an organization to be a success. Without management outcomes can be meaningless or misdirected and without leadership the outcome can be stifling and bureaucratic. This was the opinion of Warner Burke (1986:68), who said that â€Å"For clarity of goals and direction, managers need leaders. For indispensable help in reaching goals, leaders need managers. † A further question that is often raised on the topic of leadership is whether leaders are born or made? Whilst some would argue that â€Å"It is not a matter of whether leaders are born or made. † They are born and made† (Conger 2004), it is a topic that has caused great debate. Many would argue that leadership is innate (inborn) and that the character, style and competence needed to be a leader is infact genetic and it cannot be developed. However, others have argued that leadership is not down to genetics alone but that it can infact be developed over a period of time through environment and experiences. This is the opinion argued by Winston (Winston 2003), who says that â€Å"we are not merely the product of our genes: environment has a huge impact but in a mysterious way. † A further aspect to this question is whether leadership can be taught. There are many opinions on this matter but the â€Å"tendency is towards agreeing that, while little if anything can be taught, it can be learnt through development, growth and practise† (Gill, 2006:272). A business operates according to the vision and values of its leader. A leader has many roles within an organization, which can be key to its long-term success. The first of these is to provide an overall direction by â€Å"defining and communicating a meaningful and attractive vision of the future and a mission through which the organization will pursue it† (Gill, 2006:96). This direction which may stem a long way into the future will need to consider competitors, changes in tastes and current standing in the market. In relation to this it is a leader's responsibility to create a strong and positive organizational culture with its followers having shared vision and values, which can result in an effective organization. A further role of a leader is to â€Å"develop, get commitment to and ensure the successful implementation of strategies† (Gill, 2006:176). This is one of the most important roles for a leader and involves them planning where they want to be in the future and how they are going to get there, for example by acquisitions or moving into new geographical markets. Another role of a leader in business is to empower employees to be able to do what needs to be done. In order to do this a leader must give them the knowledge, skills, authority and freedom to manage themselves and be accountable for their behavior. If a leader successfully empowers his employs it can lead to both job satisfaction and enhanced organizational performance in many ways. Similarly it is an important role of a leader to influence, motivate and inspire employees to reach the companies goals. One of the key factors that will determines whether it is achieved or falters will be the ability of the leader in these three areas. Finally if an organization is to continue to prosper, people development must be high on a leader's agenda, by identifying the most talented people coming through and making sure that they are developed for major roles in the future. Ensuring that there is a continued stream of talent developed is a key factor in sustainable progress and achievement. An effective leader has the ability to successfully carry out all of these roles. The second topic that this essay involves is business ethics, which has been described by some as ‘a passing fashion which will come and go and can therefore be safely ignored or dismissed† (Vallance, 1995: 4) However, business scandals of the late 1980’s such as Guiness and Blue Arrow and the results of these have made businesses aware of the importance of their reputation and the need to think seriously about ethical issues. There have been numerous definitions of ethics, which involves systemizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong behaviour and includes principles and values of what is fair or unfair and proper or improper. It has been argued that â€Å"there is only one ethics, one set of rules of morality, one code that of individual behaviour in which the same rules apply to everyone alike† (Drucker 2007). A popular definitions is that â€Å"Ethics deals with values, with good and bad with right and wrong, we cannot avoid involvement in ethics, for what we do-and what we don’t do- is always a possible subject of ethical evaluation† (Singer, 1993: v). There are various theories and approaches to ethics and ethical decision-making but the two major view points that appear are consequentailism and non-consequentialism. Consequentialism is where â€Å"ethical decisions are based primarily on calculating the good in terms of consequences† (Preston, 2007: 36). The most widely accepted form of this is Utilitarianism, which was introduced by Jeremy Bentham in the late 19th century. This theory emphasises happiness or utility as a desirable goal for human choice or action and argues that moral rules should seek to secure â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number of people† (Preston, 2007: 36). However, there have been some objections to this theory and the question as to how happiness and utility can be measured. It also works against the interests of â€Å"minorities and groups that do not measure up to the criteria of usefulness and can justify the violation of human rights† (Preston, 2007: 36). An example of this is the exclusion of a disabled child from a school as they are disruptive. This would be justified on utilitarian grounds as to leave such a disruptive child in the class would not be beneficial to the majority of students. The second of these points that occurs in ethical theory is non-consequential. This â€Å"enjoins us to do the right thing, simply because it is the right thing, intrinsically† (Preston, 2007: 40). The most influential figure promoting this view was Immanuel Kant. He argued that as â€Å"individuals we intuitively know what is right or wrong, through the categorical imperatives, which are: Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or that of another, always as an end and never as a means only †¢ Act only on the maxim through which you can at the same time will that it be a universal law. †¢ Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally law giving – refer ence† (Preston 2007:41) This Kantian theory has been very influential, especially concerning the debate of rights and justice due to the importance that it places on every individual and because it is not open to persuasion by pragmatic considerations. However, there have been some criticisms to Kants approach as he places too much reliance on human rationality. Furthermore, it does not provide an answer to the problem of how to decide between two conflicting duties and how to obey different bur equally absolute rules. For example, ‘do not break promises’ and ‘do not kill’ are absolute rules, however it is possible for a situation to occur where these rules conflict and that by not breaking a promise, someone is killed. The focus of this essay is on Business ethics in particular. Though the theories that have been mentioned are relevant, they are â€Å"concerned primarily with personal ethics and do not address directly the kind of ethical problems that arise within a business context† (Vallance, 1995:4). Within an organisation, ethics is seen as everyone’s business and can be complex and have more than one meaning. Firstly, it is the application of general ethical rules to business behaviour and secondly, it can be the rules of business by which business activities are judged. Business Ethics can be defined as â€Å"coming to know what is right or wrong in the workplace and doing what is right – this is in regards to effects of products/services and in relationship with stakeholders’’ (McNamara, 2006:7) and can cover a wide range of aspects from quality and treatment of employees to pricing. When it comes to business having an ethical responsibility, many would argue that this is not the case. Indeed Milton Friedman (Friedman, 1970) said â€Å"only people can have responsibilities. A corporation is an artificial person and in this sense may have artificial responsibilities, but â€Å"business† as a whole cannot be said to have responsibilities, even in this vague sense†. With this in mind, it would also be argued that it is of little importance for leaders to consider ethical issues when making decisions. Infact, leaders who have ethical consciences have been described as â€Å"unwitting puppets of the intellectual forces that have been undermining the basis of a free society these past decades† (Friedman, 1970). This argument is that a business and therefore its leaders have one purpose, and that is to make as much profit as possible, with everything else being secondary. Freidman said, â€Å"He (the executive) is an employee of the owners of the business. He has direct responsibility to his employers. That responsibility is to conduct the business in accordance with their desires, which generally will be to make as much money as possible while conforming to the basic rules of society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom† (Friedman, 1970). He believed that this was the case for all businesses with the only exceptions being schools and hospitals where a leader's objective would be the rendering of services. One of the beliefs of this argument is that â€Å"ethical responsibility as preached and practised by many marks an acceptance and endorsement of views and demands mostly presented by anti business groups that are hostile to the market economy and are far from representing the general view of the average consumer† (Andersen, 2004: 22). In addition to this fact a further problem is that in order for a leader to have an ethical conscience it usually comes at some cost to the business and therefore is not in the interest of the owners of the organization. An example of this is that a leader would refrain from increasing the price of the product in order to contribute to the social objective of preventing inflation, even though a price increase would benefit both the corporation and its owners. A similar example is that ay leaders use great amounts of money and resources to reduce pollution beyond the amount that is required by law in order to meet its responsibility to the environment and gain a reputation as being an environmentally friendly company. This was a measure taken by Satellite broadcaster BSkyB who have been carbon neutral since May 2006 through a combination of using renewable energy and offsetting its remaining emissions, but at a cost to the company. In each of these examples and in the case of other et hical activities a great amount of money is either spent or compromised. Many would argue that by doing this a leader is spending other people’s money for a general social interest, which could be viewed as extremely unethical. For example, carrying out an ethical activity that would have a high cost, such as reducing emission would reduce profits and therefore stockholder would see a reduce in their returns on investments. In addition to this if a leaders ethical actions raise the price to customers, he is spending the customers' money and if the cost of the leader's actions have to result in lowering the wages of some employees, he is spending their money. In these cases it would be fair to say that not only would it be having a detrimental effect on the company profits but would also have a negative and unethical effect on both internal and external stakeholders, who may desert the company for a competitor that less scrupulous in exercising their social responsibilities. In addition to this it means that a leader in effect becomes a public employee even though he remains in reality an employee of a private company. There is a further problem with leaders deciding that a company is to become more ethically aware as it involves great change in the way a company practices, its values and its organizational culture. Many of these actions that need to be taken to implement an ethical practice can incur increased costs that may not be recouped through increased sales and have no guarantee of returns. Furthermore, some decisions and choices made with an ethical conscience can result in short term negative impacts such as a decrease in sales, revenue and profit, increased cost for employee welfare and a decrease in stock prices. Moreover, â€Å"the vast majority of companies are still failing to get their message across† (The Guardian, 2004). With these costs in mind, especially in the current economic climate, the importance of a leader implementing an ethical culture to a business could be questioned. In addition to this leading a business ethically may involve â€Å"compromising short term wins for the sake of a more long term view† (Andersen, 2004: 22). This is not beneficial for a leader who is responsible for immediate results, particularly if the short-term wins that are compromised due to ethical issues risk financial loss or even immediate failure. This may mean that a leader may have to accept higher prices on goods, parts and manufacturing in order to remain ethical. An example of this is that Tesco, the UK’s largest supermarket was using an Indian sweatshop to produce its clothes, which was paying its workers just 16p an hour. This supplier was changed in order for the company to appear more ethical and inturn cost Tesco money. This can be particularly hard in a market where there is a large amount of competition at both a national and international level. In order to compete a company needs to be able to offer the lowest price possible to its consumers but in order to keep its ethical stance a company can not compromise on its quality of suppliers and raw materials and therefore sees increased costs. Another consideration is that â€Å"when the corporation grows beyond the direct influence of its leader, we must reckon with the ethical consequence of size and geographical deployment. The control and employment of all policies, but especially that established for corporate ethics, becomes difficult† (Andrews, 1989: 7). This demonstrates that as long as an organisation remains small enough to be directly influenced by the chief executives leadership, certain results, such as ethical approach can be traced to his determination that they occur. However, as the â€Å"organisation grows and becomes decentralised with worldwide operations the power and influence that the Chief Executive has is reinterpreted and diffused† (Andrews, 1989: 260). As a result leaders of have to be appointed in each location and these persons may not share the determination and beliefs of their chief executive on ethical matters. As a result it is hard to standardise a whole company's ethical approach. In relation to this cultural differences and different business practices around the world can present challenges for businesses that are trying to be ethical. Having considered the above argument there are some flaws to Friedman’s approach. He suggests that a leader should concentrate on profit alone as long as it is within the law. However, the law does not define what is morally right and what is legal may be unethical. Many people would argue that this is an important point as ‘good business ethics promotes good business. This was the findings of some well-known authorities such as Baumhart, Brener and Molander, who believed that only those businesses that conduct activities on ethical grounds can develop on a long-term basis. This is also the stakeholder view that businesses will not make money if they do not take heed of their stakeholders; CSR is looking after your stake holders and is good business practice. This is the reason why it is important that leaders are not merely concerned with profit but also with promoting an ethical practise. Firstly, â€Å"leaders who follow the principles of ethics in the conduct of business, motivates others also to follow the same principles† (Paliwal, 2006: 10). This can improve both employees and the organizations motivation and morale, which was discussed earlier as one of the main roles of a leader. This is because conducting business in an ethical manner can produce a feeling of ‘doing things right’ and this can â€Å"become an almost tangible positive ambience within the organisation and can create a culture with a sense of community and belonging for employees,† (Andersen, 2004: 7). The result of this is increased loyalty and productivity, which can result in an improved in competitive advantage. An example of a company that treats its employees well and is benefited in return is John Lewis. All 69,000 employees of the company have a share in it and despite seeing pre tax profits fall by 26% this year they still paid their employees bonuses worth 13% of their salaries. In addition to this if a leader and a company demonstrates that it is unwilling to compromise its ethical values then they are regarded as trustworthy by both customers and their employees and this can promote productivity, innovation, employee development and increase employee attraction, which are again some of the main roles of a leader. This is vital to leaders as a study by Covey discovered that â€Å"the average corporation loses half its employees within four years, and the cost of recruiting, training and getting new ones up to speed can be detrimental to an organisation. (Andersen, 2004: 9). Also it is the â€Å"leaders of a company that are responsible for its conduct and it is their actions that determine the company's ethical standards† (Andrews, 1989: 72). If a leader's strategy is to define and communicate ethical position then it can act as a competitive advantage as it is an effective way of ensuring customer loyalty and also the company’s ability to at tract new customers. Customers are now more discerning and better educated than ever and want a product that not only serves its purpose but also is produced by an environmentally responsible company. If a consumer understands and sees tangible evidence that they are contributing to something beyond the profits a company and its owner, it is a strong motivator for both their custom and their loyalty. An example of a leader who understood the importance of an ethical company and an ethical product was Dame Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop. The company was one of the first to prohibit the use of ingredients tested on animals, promote fair trade and also channelled a share of the cost of the product back to the original producer of the raw material. By doing this she created a unique selling point as an ethical company and therefore a company that consumers are proud to buy from. Furthermore, if an organisation is known to be ethical it gives the impression to the customer that they too will be fairly treated as â€Å"when ethical conduct is displayed it puts some kind of trust and confidence in relationship† (Paliwal, 2006: 9). An example of this is that prices reflect the real value of what is being bought. As previously mention, being ethical can also help to attract new customer, who will hopefully become loyal in time. This is because customers are exposed to so many marketing campaigns that they are wary of which they should trust. However, if a leader has successfully managed to position an organisation with having ethical values and integrity then customers uncertainty is reduced, they are more trusting of the company and less afraid of purchasing its products, which meets leaders objectives. This was proved in a survey conducted in New York in 1995, which indicated, â€Å"when quality, service and price are equal, 90% claimed that the best reputation for social responsibility would determine their decision to buy. † (Andersen, 2004: 12). Therefore an ethical company should see an increase in sales, which is always part of a leader's strategy. A further factor for leaders to consider is that studies have shown a â€Å"positive link between being ethical and improved financial performance (Maignan, 1987)†, which is ultimately the main aim of an organisation. Ethics in business can be related to quality of management, quality of products, innovativeness and good responsibility towards the community, all of which lead to admiration, good will and a good reputation for the company. An example of leaders who saw the importance of a good ethical reputation are Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, founders of Ben & Jerry's, who set up the sustainable Caring Dairy initiative to helps farmers and also took measures to reduce energy use. According to Ferrell, Maignan and Loe â€Å"companies that are perceived positively in the market place perform better than others. † (Andersen, 2004: 13). Although this statement and other studies could be questioned as to what extent admiration is due to ethics, it can be said that an ethical approach to business is what contributes to a positive perception and reputation and can therefore be linked with financial improvements. A further example of this is that IAG (Insurance Australia Group Ltd), who work with neighborhoods to improve their facilities and reduce crime. This not only gives them a good reputation as a company that cares about the environment but also benefits them in a second way as it reduces insurance claims and therefore reduces their payouts and equally benefits both the community and the company. Finally, leaders need to consider being a company with ethical values because investor’s and shareholders are now using a company’s ethical stance as criteria to evaluate investments and stocks. An example of this is the â€Å"specifically designed sub index of the London Stock Exchange, the FTSE4Good (FTSE – Financial Times Stock Exchange). † (Andersen, 2004: 19). To be included in this index, constituents must be screened according to the criteria of the FTSE4Good, which covers environmental sustainability, social issues and stakeholder relations and human rights. Therefore having a favourable ethical profile can attract investors and not having one can deter them. In addition to this, for the government ethical standards of a business are now a key factor in the procurement of grants and influence. Having looked at these benefits, a leader also needs to consider the strength of being ethical by looking at the dangers and probable penalties of unethical business behaviour. As a society we have access to a wide variety of information on organisations. As a result, there are constantly court cases against companies for unethical behaviour, for example in 2007 cruise company Carnival was being sued over several cases of mistreatment of workers and the covering up of environmental damage. Settling these claims can cost billions of pounds, can lead to bankruptcy and the damage to reputation can be irreparable. A further example of this is that if a customer is treated unfairly then this bad reputation will be passed on by word of mouth. In relation to this a further factor that leaders need to consider when creating a business strategy is that unethical behaviour in manufacturing can lead to bad reputation. An example of this is the recent case with Primark, who were discovered to be using suppliers in Southern India who were using child labour. Although they claimed that they were unaware of this situation it still created a great deal of bad publicity for the company. Negative publicity can equate to decreased competitive advantage, increased costs as companies have to increase public relations and advertising. It can also have effects on sales, profits, morale and the day to day running of the business. In addition to this a bad reputation cannot be easily changed and it consumers suspicion of a company’s intentions and future actions. In relation to this â€Å"journalists writing about companies tend to fall victim of the so called Halo effect† (Andersen, 2004: 19), which means that a company that has a bad reputation tend to be seen negatively whatever they do. As the media have the power to make or break companies it is essential that leaders ensure that they are ethical and that there reputations remain intact. In this sense ethical behavior can be seen as a form of insurance against regulatory acts. An example of a company that have taken this on board is Mark’s and Spencer, who have recently launched a new Per Una lingerie range that is â€Å"carbon neutral† and is produced in an eco-factory as they become more successful in listening to what their customers want. A final problem to leaders of having an unethical approach is that there are always pressure groups and special interest group such as Greenpeace waiting to launch global campaigns against companies that act unethically, which can affect both the organisation and its chances of survival. An example of this is that in 2003 the Barclay twins, who were the two new leaders of Littlewoods mail order and clothing store, withdrew the companies membership of the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI), which was put in place to stop companies from using child or forced labor. This not only resulted in the sacking employees but was also provoked large volumes of criticism for charities, unions and government ministers all of which impacted on the company's reputation. This increased government interest can also lead to regulations that create rigid trade and less freedom. Having looked at the two topics: leadership and business ethics in some detail, it is clear to see that there is an important link between the two. A business operates according to the visions and values of its leader and whilst some may see business ethics as a fad leaders need to be aware that there is a high demand for ethical behaviour in our society today. It is fair to say that the objective of most companies, as Friedman said is to earn as much money as possible. Therefore, as a leader, that person is an employee of the owners of the business and so has a primary responsibility to them to conduct the business in line with their wishes. In addition to this there is a strong argument as to why a leader should not consider ethical issues as a vital part of their job. Many people share the skepticisms of Milton Friedman and Adam Smith's about the benefits that can be expected from â€Å"those who affected to trade for the public good. † This is a fact that has been discussed in the essay and the implementing a practicing ethical business can cost a company, for example, spending money on reducing pollution costs and choosing more expensive but ethical suppliers. In Friedman’s book Capitalism and Freedom, he sums up this argument by saying that â€Å"there is one and only one ethical responsibility of business–to use it resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud† (Friedman, 1970). However, the other side of this argument is that in order for organization to survive in a competitive and changing environment, leaders must develop strong ethical standards and successfully implement them throughout the company. By trading in an ethical manner a leader will see a wide variety of benefits and effects on business practices, such as increasing sales, retaining employees, reducing litigation and in some cases increasing a company's profit. In addition to this, another â€Å"testament to its viability is that despite being describes as a passing phase, business ethics which emerged in the 1970’s has constantly gained more and more awareness and support, making it one of the longest surviving management fads† (Andersen, 2004: 24). Having considered this fact and all of the benefits, it is a hard for a leader to argue against the merits of an ethical approach to business. Overall, I believe that in order to remain competitive and to insure the survival of a business an organization must respect and regard their social and ethical responsibility as well as maintaining profitability as a central goal. It is fair to say that good ethics is good business since nowadays it can be directly linked to the company's success. Moreover, good ethics is good business because business partners, suppliers and customers expect and presevere business relationships that are upright and responsible. This is a factor that is going to become increasingly more important as consumers become more aware of ethical issues and the need for them to be considered, e. g. the increase in consumer awareness of carbon footprint. Therefore an ethical reputation will be important to the success of a company and it is a leader's job to ensure that ethics is part of a companies strategy and is successfully implemented. References †¢ K. R. Andrews, 1989, Ethics in Practice: Managing the Moral Corporation, Harvard Business School Publishing Division, pg 7, 71, 72, 260 †¢ R Gill, 2006, Theory and practice of Leadership, SAGE Publications Ltd, pg. 36, 48, 96, 176, 272 †¢ Stogdill, R. M (1974), Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research. New York Free Press: quoted in P. G Northouse, 2004, Leadership Theory and Practice, SAGE Publications Ltd, pg 2 †¢ P. G Northouse, 2004, Leadership Theory and Practice, SAGE Publications Ltd, pg 185 †¢ P. F. Drucker, 2007, The Practise of Management, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd; 2Rev Ed edition: quoted in M. Paliwal, 2006, Business Ethics; New Age International Ltd, pg 4 †¢ Kotter J. P (1990) A force for change: How leadership differs from management. New York: Free Press: quoted in P. G Northouse, 2004, Leadership Theory and Practice, SAGE Publications Ltd, pg 8 †¢ Bennis, W. G & Nanus, B (1985) Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row: quoted in P. G Northouse, 2004, Leadership Theory and Practice, SAGE Publications Ltd, pg 8 †¢ Burke, W. W (1986) Leadership as empowering others. San Francisco, CA:Jossey –Bass, pg 68: quoted in R Gill, 2006, Theory and practice of Leadership, SAGE Publications Ltd, pg 27 †¢ Conger, J. A (2004) Developing leadership capability: What’s inside the black box. Academy of management executive, 18 (3), pg 136 †¢ Winston, R 2003, Human Instinct Paper presented at the sixth Annual Leadership conference, Ross – on – Wye, 23rd-24th September: quoted in R Gill, 2006, Theory and practice of Leadership, SAGE Publications Ltd, pg. 73 †¢ P. Singer, 1993, A Companion to Ethics, Blackwell, p, v. N. Preston, 2007, Understanding Ethics, Federation Press; 3rd Revised edition, pg 36, 40, 41, 42 †¢ E. Vallance, 1995, Business Ethics at Work, Cambridge university Press, pg 4 †¢ Milton Freidman (1970) ‘The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits’ quoted in T. Beauchamp and N. Bowie, 2004, Ethical Theory and Business, 7th ed . , London, Pearson, p. 51. †¢ M. Paliwal, 2006, Business Ethics; New Age International Ltd, pg 7, 9, 10 †¢ McNamara, 2006: quoted in M. Paliwal, 2006, Business Ethics; New Age International Ltd, pg 7 †¢ T. Donaldson, Ethics in Business: A New Look: quoted in M Paliwal, 2006, Business Ethics; New Age International Ltd, pg 9 †¢ Yukl, G. A (1989), Leadership in organisations, (2nd ed), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall: quoted in P. G Northouse, 2004, Leadership Theory and Practice, SAGE Publications Ltd, pg 10 †¢ B. Andersen, ASQ Mission, Bringing Business Ethics to Life: Achieving Corporate Social Responsibility, Pg 7, 9, 12, 13, 19, 22,24 †¢ Maignin, 1987: quoted in B. Andersen, ASQ Mission, Bringing Business Ethics to Life: Achieving Corporate Social Responsibility, Pg 13 †¢ www. FTSE4Good. com http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2004/nov/02/ethicalbusiness. money, â€Å"Companies ethical reports branded ineffective†, Tuesday 2nd November 2004, Oliver Balch †¢ http://www. cityam. com/index. php? news=16306, â€Å"Tesco in sweatshop scandal. † 26/6/08 †¢ http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2008/jun/24/primark. retail, â€Å"Is this the end for Primark†, The Guardian, Tuesday 24th June 2008, Leo Hickman †¢ http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2003/feb/01/ethicalshopping. globalisationâ€Å"Littlewood’s drops ethical trading code†, The Guardian, Saturday 1st February 2003, Simon Bowers and Julia Finch http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2007/sep/02/5, â€Å"Named and shames, cities ethical dunces†, The Observer, Sunday 2nd September 2007, Heather Stewart and Zoe Wood †¢ http://www. guardian. co. uk/lifeandstyle/2008/jul/25/ethicalfashion, â€Å"Can fashion play fair? †, The Guardian, Friday 25th July 2008, Leo Hickman Bibliography †¢ K. R. Andrews, 1989, Ethics in Practice: Managing the Moral Corporation, Harvard Business School Publishing Division †¢ Simon Blackburn, 2001, Ethics: a very short introduction, Oxford press Inc New York †¢ R Gill, 2006, Theory and practice of Leadership, SAGE Publications Ltd P. G Northouse, 2004, Leadership Theory and Prac tice, SAGE Publications Ltd, †¢ Conger, J. A (2004) Developing leadership capability: What’s inside the black box. Academy of management executive, 18 (3) †¢ E. Vallance, 1995, Business Ethics at Work, Cambridge university Press †¢ M Paliwal, 2006, Business Ethics; New Age International Ltd †¢ P. Singer, 1993, A Companion to Ethics, Blackwell †¢ B. Andersen, 2004, Bringing Business Ethics to Life: Achieving Corporate Social Responsibility, ASQ Mission †¢ J. Gallos, 2008, Business Leadership, Jossey –Bass, A Wiley Imprint K Grint, 2005, Leadership: Limits and Possibilities, Palgrave Macmillan †¢ R. N Kanungo, M Mendonca, 1996, Ethical Dimensions of Leadership, SAGE Publications Ltd †¢ B. Harvey, 1994, Business Ethics: A European Approach, Prentice Hall International UK Ltd †¢ P. Griseri, 1998, Managing Values: Ethical Change in Organisations, Macmillan Business †¢ J. N. Behrman, 1988, Essays on Ethics in Business and the Professions, Prentice Hall †¢ V. E. Henderson, 1992, What’s Ethical in Business? , McGraw – Hill Inc †¢ P. Wright, Managerial Leadership, Routledge †¢ N. Preston, 2007, Understanding Ethics, Federation Press; 3rd Revised edition.

Heart of Darkness and Wide Sargasso Sea Depiction and...

Heart of Darkness and Wide Sargasso Sea: Depiction and Effect Due to Colonization Both Heart of Darkness and Wide Sargasso Sea deal with Englishmen, Charles Marlow and Mr. Rochester, who are placed in unfamiliar and different environments than accustomed to. These two characters not only deal with their own personal struggles, but are connected to the struggles of people close to them (namely Kurtz and Antoinette).Joseph Conrad and Jean Rhys attribute these hardships to the effects of colonialism. Conrad mainly uses Kurtz as his symbol for colonialism, while Rhys uses Mr. Rochester. The ways in which these two characters interact with their new settings move the narratives. Throughout Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad points to the†¦show more content†¦This initial event involving Mr. Rochester demonstrates how the source of a large amount of English income was a result of colonization in island colonies such as Jamaica. Throughout the marriage, Mr. Rochester shows signs of his control of Antoinette. The first signs begin as sexual control, as Antoinette has no other real connection with Mr. Rochester, she settles with sexually pleasing him. However, when Mr. Rochester learns of her past, via Daniel Cosway, he begins to via her as the Creole woman she really is. This level of control is furthered when she seeks Christophines help in making Mr. Rochester fall in love with her. Mr. Rochester also tries to control her relationship with Christophine. Mr. Rochester sees the power Christophine has with not only Antoinette, but on the whole island. Not wanting to lose his power, he threatens Christophine with police action if he interferes with their relationship. Once married, Mr. Rochester also gained financial dominance over Antoinette. This creates a dependence on her husband for survival, thus even if she wants to leave, she has no means of support. As their relationship worsens, Mr. Rochester renames Antoinette as ‘Bertha’. In essence, Mr. Rochester is disassembling Antoinette’s identify, and building her into his own new colonial property. All of these levels of dependence show that Mr.